Bunkers

• Discussion of Crude Oil Refining – Simple / Complex
  

• Meeting IMO requirements Using Mechanical

• Marine Fuels – Types and Use

      Residual Fuels / Distillate Fuels

      Commercial Names of Each Type

      How Each is Made – Processing / Blending

      Distillation – Cracking (Using Catalysts)

      Discussion of Resulting Impurities 

     Methods and Alternative Low Sulphur Fuels

     including: 

         - LNG (as used on LNG / non-LNG carriers)

         - Ammonia / CNG / Hydrogen / Methanol

         - LPG (as used on LPG / non-LPG carriers)

         - Other

• Types of Ship Engines – Operational Description

      Steam Turbine / Diesel

      Fuels Needed for Each

      Testing and Treating Needed Prior to Use

• Requirements for Low Sulphur Fuels
• GHG Emission Reduction and Environmental Concerns
• Safety (HSE) 
  

• Definitions and Acronyms
  
• ISO 8217 - Bunker Quality Standard

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Use of Each Type of Fuel 

• Min/Max Limits of Parameters

• Damages that May Result if Limits Exceeded

• New International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code)

• Potential Dangers of Loading On Top of Bunkers in Tanks

• Types and Construction of Tanks

• How to Stem and Obtain Bunkers - Current Bunker Prices

• Bunker Whitelist

• Special Precautions Needed for Bunkering and Measurement

• Bunker Fuel Oil Delivery - On Spec / Off Spec - What are Specs?
• Pre-delivery Fuel Oil Documentation
• Bunker Delivery Note / Letter of Protest

• Marpol VI - Summary / Provisions / Penalties
• ISO 13739
• Impact of IMO 2020

• Bunker Check-Lists
• Types of Bunker Surveys - Purchase / Sale - Loss Control

• Vessel Performance - Speed - Fuel - Cargo Conversion